Primary Health Care Systems - 2079 Words

Introduction Health care is everyone’s business. It is what every individual fights to maintain, it affects a communities social and economical status and is continually discussed at a global level. Education, access to information, equipment and professionals has a direct influence on a community’s level of health. Health varies across regions, not everyone has access to these basic health systems, in order to sustain a level of health, programs and promotions supported by government funding and professionals are undertaken however there success can be depended on the consideration of the external influences and restrictions. The world health organsiation (1978) empowered nations to embrace a primary health care system. Primary health care is the first level of contact people have with the health system, its aim is to bringing health care as close to people as possible to where they live, learn, work and play. All health professionals should understand primary health care, its philosophy, goals and determinants; it should be the underlying influence which governs their practice. The key elements to the success of primary health care are; health promotion, disease prevention, equity in health status, health education, inter-sectorial care planning and organization, accessibility, appropriate technology, and public participation. A primary health care system involves health professionals working together and delivering care within a specific environment and local community.Show MoreRelatedContribution of primary care to health systems and health: Is it essential?2089 Words   |  9 PagesContribution of primary care to health systems and health: Is it essential? Evidence of the health promoting power of primary care has increased ever since investigators have been able to differentiate primary care from other characteristics of the health services delivery system. 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Swot Analysis in Pharmaceutical Industry Free Essays

string(42) " will fall into four distinct categories\." History of SWOT In the 1960’s and 70’s, Albert Humphrey is said to have developed this strategic planning tool using data from the top companies in America at the time. A SWOT Analysis looks at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are relevant to an organization in a new venture. A SWOT Analysis is a tool which allows users to look at the direction a company or organization may wish to move towards in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis in Pharmaceutical Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now A SWOT Analysis is a useful tool, which in conjunction with others can help make informed decisions. Definition of SWOT Many people see SWOT as synonymous with strategic planning. In fact, a SWOT analysis is only one of many tools that can be used in an organization’s strategic planning process. SWOT is short for â€Å"Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats†. By specifying clear objectives and identifying internal and external factors that are either helpful or not, a short and simple SWOT analysis is a useful resource which may be incorporated into an organizations strategic planning model. Strengths Internal attributes those are helpful to the organization to achieving its objective Weaknesses Internal attributes that are harmful to the organization to achieving its objective Opportunities External factors that help the organization achieve its objective Threats External factors those are harmful to the organization to achieving its objective. After identifying the SWOT’s, identification of the factors and their interdependence helps clarify the steps needed to achieve the ending objectives. Internal and External Factors The aim of any SWOT analysis is to identify the key internal and external factors that are important to achieving the objective. SWOT analysis groups ey pieces of information into two main categories: * Internal factors – The strengths and weaknesses internal to the organization * External factors – The opportunities and threats pre-sented by the exter-nal environment. HelpfulTo achieve objectives| HarmfulTo achieve objectives| Internal origin| strengths| Weaknesses| External origin| opportunities| threats| The internal factors may be viewed as strengths or weaknesses depending upon their impact on the organization’s objectives. What may represent strengths with respect to one objective may be weak-nesses for another objective. The factors may include all of the 4P’s; as well as personnel, finance, manufac-turing capabilities, and so on. The external factors may include macroeconomic matters, technological change, legislation, and socio-cultural changes, as well as changes in the mar-ketplace or competitive position. The results are often presented in the form of a matrix. Purpose of swot analysis A SWOT analysis is designed to help an organization understand how it relates to its external environment. In other words, to act as a way of seeing if the organization is aligned with the world going on around it. Workshop sessions * Brainstorming * meetings * Problem solving * Product evaluation * Strategic planning * Competitor evaluation * Personal development planning By focusing on the key factors affecting your business, now and in the future, a SWOT analysis provides a clear basis for examining your business performance and prospects. This briefing outlines: Typical strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and how to identify them. How to use SWOT analysis to drive your business forward. 1. Self-analysis Use SWOT analysis as part of a regular process of reviewing your business performance. You may also want to carry out a SWOT analysis in preparation for raising finance or before bringing in consultants to review your business. 1. 1 Decide who to involve. Key participants are likely to include the managing director and heads of department. Involving others will give a fuller picture and help to gain their commitment to the process. Find out what customers think using a customer satisfaction survey. Consider bringing in sympathetic outsiders who know your business and market (eg customers and suppliers). Many businesses find a consultant most useful for their first SWOT analysis. 1.2 Brainstorm the issues. Ask everyone to identify any strengths or weaknesses they feel the business has, and any opportunities or threats they think the business faces. Encourage participants to make suggestions without trying to judge how important the issue is. Concentrate especially on identifying weaknesses and threats. Be aware that lack of honesty is a common problem. For example, most people find it easier to identify strengths and opportunities, particularly if the performance of key people (including yourself) is one of the weaknesses. You may want to use checklists to prompt further suggestions Organize related ideas into groups. Recording suggestions on Post-it notes or cards that can be moved around and rearranged makes this easy. 1. 3 Evaluate the significance of the issues that have been identified. To help you, use relevant data from your own and similar businesses. Update your conclusions from any previous SWOT analysis. For example, a strength may no longer exist (e. g. if last year’s cutting edge product is now obsolete). Assess whether your strengths (or weaknesses) give your business a significant competitive advantage (or disadvantage). For example, your strong research and development programme is useless unless you have the resources to exploit the results. Do not be surprised if certain factors crop up as both a strength and a weakness. 1. 4 Create a simple, clear action plan. There is no point holding a SWOT analysis if it does not result in action. Set out what will be done to address weaknesses, capitalise on opportunities and deal with threats . This includes the steps to be taken, the personnel who will be involved, the timeframes and the budget. Involve key personnel in drawing up the action plan to get their commitment. 1. 5 Keep the SWOT analysis and action plan to hand for review before important decisions. For example, as a reminder of what you should be looking for when recruiting a new employee. 2. Strengths Your strengths are usually easy to identify, through your continuing dialogue with customers and suppliers. Your records (e. g. sales) will also help to indicate areas where you are particularly strong (e. g. rising sales for a Particular product). For most businesses, strengths will fall into four distinct categories. You read "Swot Analysis in Pharmaceutical Industry" in category "Essay examples" 2. 1 Sound finances may give you advantages over your competitors. Important factors might include: Positive cash flow. Growing turnover and profitability. Skilled financial management, good credit control and few bad debts. A strong balance sheet. Access to extensive credit, a strong credit rating, and a good relationship with the bank and other sources of finance. 2. 2 Marketing may be the key to your success. For example, your business may enjoy: †¢ Market leadership in a profitable niche. †¢ A good reputation and a strong brand name. †¢ An established customer base. †¢ A strong product range. Effective research and development, use of design and innovation. †¢ A skilled sales force. †¢ Thorough after-sales service. †¢ Protected intellectual property (eg registered designs, patented products). 2. 3 Management and personnel skills an systems may provide equally important underpinnings for success. These may include factors such as: * Management strength in depth. The ability to make quick decisions. Skilled employees, successful recruitment, and effective training and development. Good motivation and morale. Efficient administration. 2. 4 Strengths in production may include the right premises and plant, and good sources of materials or sub assemblies You may benefit from: Modern, low-cost production facilities. Spare production capacity. A good location. Effective purchasing and good relationships with suppliers. Be aware that strengths are not always what they seem. Strengths may imply weaknesses (for example, market leaders are often complacent and bureaucratic) and often imply threats (for example, your star salesman may be a strength — until he resigns). 3. Weaknesses Your weaknesses are often known but ignored. A SWOT analysis should be the starting point for tackling underperformance in your business. 3. 1 Poor financial management may result in situations where: Insufficient funds are available for investment in new plant or product development. All available security, including personal assets and guarantees, is already pledged for existing borrowings. Poor credit control leads to unpredictable cash flow. 3. 2 Lack of marketing focus may lead to: Unresponsive attitudes to customer requirements. A limited or outdated product range. Complacency and a failure to innovate. Over-reliance on a few customers. 3. 3 Management and personnel weaknesses are often hard to recognize, except with hindsight. Familiar examples are: Failure to delegate and train successors. Expertise and control locked up in a few key personnel. Inability to take outside advice. High staff turnover. 3. 4 Inefficient production, premises and plant can undermine any business, however hard people work. Typical problems include: Poor location and shabby premises. Outdated equipment, high cost production and low productivity. Long leases tying the business to unsuitable premises or equipment. Inefficient processes. 4. Opportunities External changes provide opportunities that well managed businesses can turn to their advantage. 4. 1 Changes involving organizations and individuals which directly affect your business may open up completely new possibilities. For example: Deterioration in a competitor’s performance or the insolvency of a competitor. Improved access to potential new customers and markets (e. g. overseas). Increased sales to existing customers, or new leads gained through them. The development of new distribution channels (e. g. the Internet). Improved supply arrangements, such as just-in-time supply or outsourcing non-core activities. The opportunity to recruit a key employee from a competitor. The introduction of financial backers who are keen to fund expansion. 4. 2 The broader business environment may shift in your favor. This may be caused by: Political, legislative or regulatory change. For example, a change in legislation that requires customers to purchase a product. Economic trends. For example, falling interest rates reducing the cost of capital. Social developments. For example, demographic changes or changing consumer requirements leading to an increase in demand for your products. New technology. For example, new materials, processes and information technology. 5 Threats Threats can be minor or can have the potential to destroy the business. ? Compare both strengths and weaknesses by benchmarking key areas with those in other businesses. 5. 1 Changes involving organizations and individuals that directly affect your business can have far-reaching effects. For example: Improved competitive products or the emergence of new competitors. Loss of a significant customer. Creeping over-reliance on one distributor or group of distributors. Failure of suppliers to meet quality requirements. Price rises from suppliers. Key personnel leaving, perhaps with trade secrets. Lenders reducing credit lines or increasing charges. A rent review threatening to increase costs, or the expiry of a lease. Legal action (e. g. being sued by a customer). 5. 2 The broader business environment may alter to your disadvantage. This may be the result of: Political, legislative or regulatory change. For example, new regulation increasing your costs or requiring product redesign. Economic trends. For example, lower exchange rates reducing your income from overseas. Social developments. For example, consumer demands for ‘environmentally-friendly’ products. New technology. For example, technology that makes your products obsolete or gives competitors an advantage. 6. Action The results of SWOT analysis — and the action needed — will be different for every business. 6. 1 Capitalize on opportunities that play to your strengths. Opportunities that match your strengths may prompt you to pursue a strategy of aggressive expansion. The SWOT analysis may also suggest other strategic options. For example: Diversifying away from areas of significant threat to more promising opportunities. Focusing on turning around weaknesses in areas of significant opportunity (see 6. 2). Taking defensive measures in areas of threat where you are weak (see 6. 3). 6. 2 Address your weaknesses. Decide which weaknesses need to be addressed as a priority. Other weaknesses must be acknowledged and respected until time and resources allow a solution. Some weaknesses can be turned into strengths or opportunities. For example, it might be possible to turn a shortage of production capacity into scarcity value for your product. Some weaknesses have a clear solution. For example, financial weakness might be solved by raising further funds and management shortcomings by recruiting new personnel. Some weaknesses will take time and money to address. For example, you may need to start a programme of improvements through training, or quality management. 6. 3 Protect yourself against threats. For example: Build relationships with suppliers and customers. Foster good employee relations. Ensure you have clear and reasonable contracts with suppliers, customers and employees. Take out insurance cover against obvious potential disasters. Draw up realistic contingency plans to cope with potential crises. Introduce the right types of service contracts for key personnel. Invest in legal protection for your intellectual property. Take advantage of low fixed interest rates to move your overdraft to long-term loans. Successful businesses focus on capturing market niches and creating ‘barriers to entry’ to reduce potential competition. Indian Pharmacy Industry: SWOT analysis It is often said that the pharmacy sector has no cyclical factor attached to it. Irrespective of whether the economy is in a downturn or in an upturn, the general belief is that demand for drugs is likely to grow steadily over the long-term. True in some sense. But are there risks? This article gives a perspective of the Indian pharmacy industry by carrying out a SWOT analysis (Strength,  Weakness,  Opportunity,  and Threat). Before we start the analysis let’s look a little back in the industry’s last six years performance. The Industry is a largely fragmented and highly competitive with a large number of players having interest in it. The following chart shows the breakup of the growth (YoY) Indian pharmaceutical industry  in last six years. *Volume growth of existing products The SWOT analysis of the industry reveals the position of the Indian pharmacy industry in respect to its internal and external environment. Strengths: 1. Indian with a population of over a billion is a largely untapped market. In fact the penetration of modern medicine is less than 30% in India. To put things in perspective, per capita expenditure on health care in India is US$ 93 while the same for countries like Brazil is US$ 453 and Malaysia US$189. 2. The growth of middle class in the country has resulted in fast changing lifestyles in urban and to some extent rural centers. This opens a huge market for lifestyle drugs, which has a very low contribution in the Indian markets. 3. Indian manufacturers are one of the lowest cost producers of drugs in the world. With a scalable labor force, Indian manufactures can produce drugs at 40% to 50% of the cost to the rest of the world. In some cases, this cost is as low as 90%. 4. Indian pharmaceutical industry posess excellent chemistry and process reengineering skills. This adds to the competitive advantage of the Indian companies. The strength in chemistry skill helps Indian companies to develop processes, which are cost effective. 5. Cost competitiveness due to lower labour cost and production cost 6. Well-developed industry with strong manufacturing base 7. Well established network of Laboratories and R ; D infrastructure for new drug discovery and development 8. Access to pool of highly trained   and skilled scientists, both in India and abroad 9. Strong marketing and distribution network in domestic as well as international market 10. India is second largest country in terms of population in world with rich biodiversity 11. Expertise in reverse engineering and development of new Chemical process made Indian pharmaceutical industry as one of the strongest generic industry Weakness: 1. The Indian pharmacy companies are marred by the price regulation. Over a period of time, this regulation has reduced the pricing ability of companies. The NPPA (National Parma Pricing Authority), which is the authority to decide the various pricing parameters, sets prices of different drugs, which leads to lower profitability for the companies. The companies, which are lowest cost producers, are at advantage while those who cannot produce have either to stop production or bear losses. 2. Indian pharmacy sector has been marred by lack of product patent, which prevents global pharmacy companies to introduce new drugs in the country and discourages innovation and drug discovery. But this has provided an upper hand to the Indian pharmacy companies. 3. Indian pharmacy market is one of the least penetrated in the world. However, growth has been slow to come by. As a result, Indian majors are relying on exports for growth. To put things in to perspective, India accounts for almost 16% of the world population while the total size of industry is just 1% of the global pharmacy industry. 4. Due to very low barriers to entry, Indian pharmacy industry is highly fragmented with about 300 large manufacturing units and about 18,000 small units spread across the country. This makes Indian pharmacy market increasingly competitive. The industry witnesses price competition, which reduces the growth of the industry in value term. To put things in perspective, in the year 2003, the industry actually grew by 10. % but due to price competition, the growth in value terms was 8. 2% (prices actually declined by 2. 2%) 5. Low investment in innovative Research ; Development 6. Lack of resources to compete with MNCs for New Drug Discovery Research and to commercialise molecules on a worldwide basis 7. Lack of strong linkages between industries and academia 8. Lack of culture of innovation in the industry 9. Low   per capita medical expenditure and healthcare spend in country 10. Inadequate regulatory standards 11. Production of spurious and low quality drugs tarnishes the image of industry at home and abroad Opportunities 1. The migration into a product patent based regime is likely to transform industry fortunes in the long term. The new patent product regime will bring with it new innovative drugs. This will increase the profitability of MNC pharmacy companies and will force domestic pharmacy companies to focus more on R;D. This migration could result in consolidation as well. Very small players may not be able to cope up with the challenging environment and may succumb to giants. 2. Large number of drugs going off-patent in Europe and in the US between 2005 to 2009 offers a big opportunity for the Indian companies to capture this market. Since generic drugs are commodities by nature, Indian producers have the competitive advantage, as they are the lowest cost producers of drugs in the world. 3. Opening up of health insurance sector and the expected growth in per capita income are key growth drivers from a long-term perspective. This leads to the expansion of healthcare industry of which pharmacy industry is an integral part. 4. Being the lowest cost producer combined with FDA approved plants; Indian companies can become a global outsourcing hub for pharmaceutical products. 5. Significant export potential to the developing as well as developed countries 6. Licensing deals and collaborations with MNCs for New Chemical Entities and New Drug Delivery Systems 7. Providing marketing operations to sell MNC products in domestic market 8. India can be niche player in global pharmaceutical R ; D by developing world class infrastructure 9. Contract manufacturing arrangements with MNCs 10. Potential for developing India as a centre for International Clinical Trials 11. Increasing aging world population 12. Increasing incomes and buying power of people especially in rural areas has opened the great opportunity for Indian pharma companies. Around 70% of the total population of India is residing in rural areas. 13. Growing awareness for health and increasing spending on health Threats: 1. There are certain concerns over the patent regime regarding its current structure. It might be possible that the new government may change certain provisions of the patent act formulated by the preceding government. 2. Threats from other low cost countries like China and Israel exist. However, on the quality front, India is better placed relative to China. So, differentiation in the contract manufacturing side may wane. 3. The short-term threat for the pharmacy industry is the uncertainty regarding the implementation of VAT. Though this is likely to have a negative impact in the short-term, the implications over the long-term are positive for the industry. 4. Significant export potential to the developing as well as developed countries 5. Licensing deals and collaborations with MNCs for New Chemical Entities and New Drug Delivery Systems 6. Providing marketing operations to sell MNC products in domestic market 7. India can be niche player in global pharmaceutical R ; D by developing world class infrastructure 8. Contract manufacturing arrangements with MNCs 9. Potential for developing India as a centre for International Clinical Trials 10. Increasing aging world population 11. Increasing incomes and buying power of people especially in rural areas has opened the great opportunity for Indian pharma companies. Around 70% of the total population of India is residing in rural areas. 12. Growing awareness for health and increasing spending on health SWOT analysis of some pharmaceutical industries in india ————————————————- 1. SUN PHARMA INDUSTRIES Sun Pharmacy Industries| Parent Company| Sun Pharma Industries| Category| Pharmaceutical| Sector| Healthcare| Tagline/ Slogan| Leadership through focused research| USP| Sun pharmacy fifth largest ; most profitable company in India| STP| Segment| Cardiology, psychiatry, neurology, gastroenterology, dibetology| Target Group| Healthcare professionals, pharmacists| Positioning| They are international specialty pharma company with strong presence in Indian ; US generics market| SWOT Analysis| Strength| 1. Strong growth in emerging market business2. Introduction of Pantoprazole ; Eloxatin in US market has very limited competition3. They have strong marketing ; sales force of over 12,000 employees4. They have successfully acquired Taro pharma which has further consolidated their position in Indian markets 5. Strong brand presence in India and US markets| Weakness| 1. Stiff competition from many Indian and other global brands means limited market share growth2. Limited presence in emerging markets and European countries| Opportunity| 1. They can leverage their acquisitions to further increase the growth2. They can increase their presence in contract manufacturing3. Increasing healthcare awareness in India| Threats| 1. There is growing competition in generics market2. Stringent patent regulations3. High price sensitivity of consumers| Competition| Competitors| 1. Cipla 2. Lupin pharmaceuticals3. Ranbaxy4. Dr. Reddy’s laboratories| 2. DR. REDDY’S Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd| Parent Company| Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd| Category| Pharmaceuticals| Sector| Health care| Tagline/ Slogan| Life. Research. Hope| USP| Strong vertically integrated portfolio of products, businesses geographies| STP| Segment| Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), Custom Pharmaceutical Services (CPS), generics, biosimiler, differentiated formulations and News Chemical Entities (NCEs)| Target Group| Healthcare professionals, retail outlets| Positioning| Committed to providing affordable and innovative medicines for healthier lives| SWOT Analysis| Strength| 1. Company launched Peg-grafeelTM, an inexpensive variety of pegfilgrastim, used to fight infection in chemotherapy where company has sold some 1. 5 million units of it. 2. Dowpharma/Chirotech acquisition provided proprietary chiral and biocatalysts technology 3. The acquisition of Beta pharma helped to introduce an array of generic products and show its presence in the European markets. 4. Has a strong workforce of over 15,000 employees| Weakness| 1. Discovery of drugs is a highly unpredictable business 2. Strict govt regulations and policies affects operational efficiency| Opportunity| 1. Leverage Biologics Cytotoxic Infrastructure to deal with the need of Oncology Market 2. New partnerships to develop Biosimiler business 3. Develop cost effective ways of new drug development to improve business in emerging markets| Threats| 1. Preliminary investment for Drug discovery is very high2. long gestational period for new drug development3. increasingly stringent regulations for new drug development| Competition| Competitors| 1. Sun pharma 2. Lupin 3. Cipla4. Ranbaxy labs| 3. AUROBINDO PHARMA Aurobindo pharma Ltd| Parent Company| Aurobindo Pharma| Category| Pharmaceutical| Sector| Health care| Tagline/ Slogan| Committed to healthier life! | USP| Among the largest ‘Vertically Integrated’ pharmaceutical companies in India, with a robust product portfolio| STP| Segment| CVS, Antibiotics, Gastroenterologicals, Anti-Diabetics , Anti-Allergic Anti-Retroviral and CNS| Target Group| Patients and doctors who seek good health| Positioning| They are global pharmaceutical company with great commitment to healthier life| SWOT Analysis| Strength| 1. A new drug Nevirapine discovered against the HIV infective disease has been approved by the US FDA, which will increase the market size and profits of the company. 2. Approval of generic version of Clopidogrel from FDA will boost revenue of company3. A greater growth in terms of sales in the US and Europe due to various US approvals4. Strong marketing network 5. Aurobindo exports to over 125 countries across the globe| Weakness| 1. Retirement of the three top most directors will have an impact on the functioning till new capable people join. 2. The company is not into mergers or acquisitions which will help it increase the product list3. Very low in the corporate social front4. Largely dependant on Indian market for revenue generation| Opportunity| 1. Increasing health awareness2. improving the RD section to expand the product pipeline3. Globalize and further break through into joint ventures and subsidiaries into China, Brazil and other Latin American markets. Threats| 1. The European crisis, which will have a great impact on the sales since major orders are from the Europe and US2. Depreciating value of currency will affect the export3. Peers post a major competition. | Competition| Competitors| 1. Cipla 2. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories3. Sun Pharma Industries4. Ranbaxy| | | | ————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- ————————————————- 4. CIPLA Cipla| Parent Company| Cipla| Category| Pharmaceuticals| Sector| Healthcare Industry| Tagline/ Slogan| Caring for life| USP| Commitment to make medicines affordable and accessible particularly to cancer patients| STP| Segment| AIDS, respiratory disease, cancer cardiovascular disease, arthritis| Target Group| Customers of various flavors and fragrances, OTC products, prescription products, pesticides, agrochemicals, doctors| Positioning| They use latest technology to concentrate all their knowledge of over seven decades in developing life saving drugs| SWOT Analysis| Strength| 1. Cipla has developed good positive image by providing support to cancer patients by issuing drugs at low cost 2. Imminent commencement of the Fixed-Dose combination for treatment of uncomplicated  P. falciparum  malaria to tackle the 200+ million cases of malaria globally3. Initiation of ‘No Touch Breast Scan’ a step forward in the screening technology in India. 4. A foremost player in anti-infective and anti-asthmatic formulations. 5. Has a strong employee force of over 16,000| Weakness| 1. Strong competition from international and domestic giants means limited market share2. Cipla had faced problems during negative campaign by AHF| Opportunity| 1. It can venture into Alzheimer’s disease medication 2. They can use Viramune generic to achieve higher growth. 3. Increased investment in the budding markets, to push expansion in the global economy| Threats| 1. Constant price rises in the Indian country is taking its toll and compounding the problem 2. The Indian Rupee depreciated as compared to the US Dollar3. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates have a noteworthy impact on the Company’s operations and financial results. | Competition| Competitors| 1. Sun Pharmaceuticals 2. Dr. Reddy’s laboratories3. Lupine4. Ranbaxy labs| ————————————————- ———————————————— 5. RANBAXY | Ranbaxy| Parent Company| Ranbaxy| Category| Pharmaceuticals| Sector| Health care| Tagline/ Slogan| New boundaries, new Horizons; Trusted medicines healthier lives| USP| It is Indiaâ €™s largest pharmaceutical company| STP| Segment| Anti-Infective, Cardiovascular Diabetes, Dermatological, Neuro-Psychiatry, Pain management, Gastro-Intestinal, Nutritional| Target Group| Healthcare professionals, wholesalers, generic distributors, and hospitals| Positioning| A diversifies global healthcare company focused on patient’s needs| SWOT Analysis| Strength| 1. Top 10 Global Generic Company with a spread over 125 countries2. over 13,000 well trained Employees, over 50 nationalities3. Strong presence in the International market with a major share and a strong presence in India as well4. It has operations in nearly 50 countries and has 7 manufacturing plants| Weakness| 1. It is heavily dependent upon generics for its revenue generation2. Constantly regulated policies by the govt means operational efficiency is affected| Opportunity| 1. increasing health awareness2. Improvement in distribution network ; brand building3. They can leverage   Synriam, anti-malarial drug in brand building| Threats| 1. Increasingly stringent FDA Regulations2. Exchange rate fluctuations3. Global economic slowdown| Competition| Competitors| 1. Sun Pharma 2. Dr Reddys Labs3. Lupin pharmaceuticals4. Glaxosmithkline| ————————————————- 6. LUPIN | | | Lupin| Parent Company| Lupin| Category| Pharmaceutical| Sector| Healthcare| Tagline/ Slogan| Being lupin, enriching lives everyday| USP| Lupin is the world’s largest manufacturer of anti- tuberculosis drugs| STP| Segment| Anti TB segment, Cardiovascular, Oral and injectable, pediatric products API’s, Anti-Infective segment| Target Group| Healthcare professionals, doctors treating patients suffering from TB, respiratory   ;   cardiovascular diseases| Positioning| It is innovation led pharmaceutical company, which specializes in generic, API ; branded formulations for developed ; developing world. | SWOT Analysis| Strength| 1. World wide leader in Cephalosporin and Anti TB drugs   2. Considerable presence in market for drugs against Asthma, Pediatrics, Diabetes, and CNS boosts the sales 3. In the US and Japanese market it is the largest generic player 4. Acquisition of I’rom pharma helped to increase its product list and in turn sales5. Wide global footprint as it is present in over 70 countries| Weakness| 1. High dependence on global formulation business with 84% revenue coming from US market 3. Forecasting done on technological level is less4. It operates in low growth segments such CNS, respiratory diseases| Opportunity| 1. Increased health awareness2. Emerging technological trends in drug delivery3. Increasing prevalence of TB in developing countries| Threats| 1. Unsuccessful   assimilation of questions2. Rigid opposition both from locals and global company3. Soaring cost of discovering novel products| Competition| Competitors| 1. Sun pharmaceuticals2. Ranbaxy pharmaceuticals3. Dr. Reddy’s lab4. Cipla| Conclusion: A realistic recognition of the weaknesses and threats that exist for your effort is the first step to countering them with a robust and creative set of strengths and opportunities. A SWOT analysis identifies your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to assist you in making strategic plans and decisions. †¢SWOT is a simple yet comprehensive way of assessing the positive and negative forces within and without your organization, so you can be better prepared to act effectively. The more stakeholders you involve in preparing the SWOT, the more valuable your analysis will be. †¢Whatever courses of action you decide on, the four-cornered SWOT analysis prompts you to move in a balanced way throughout your program. It reminds you to: †¢Build on your strengths †¢Minimize your weakn †¢Seize opportunities †¢Counteract threats †¢A SWOT analysis will be most helpful if you use it to support the vision, mission, and objectives you have already defined. The SWOT will at least provide perspective, and at best will reveal connections and areas for action. References 1. Chapman, A. (2007). SWOT analysis. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www. businessballs. com/swotanalysisfreetemplate. htm 2. JRC European Commission. (2007). SWOT (strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats) analysis. Re- trieved October 19, 2007, from http://forlearn. jrc. es/guide/2_design/meth_swot-analysis. htm 3. SWOT analysis. (2007). British Airways, PLC SWOT Analysis, , 5. 4. Tuckwell, K. J. (2007). Strategic planning principles. Integrated marketing communications: Strategic plan- 5. ning perspectives (2nd ed. , pp. 47-51). Toronto: Pearson Education Canada. Wikipedia. (2007). SWOT analysis. Retrieved October 20, 2007, from 6. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/SWOT_Analysis 7. www. bhpinfosolutions. co. uk 8. www. mbaskool. com/brandguide How to cite Swot Analysis in Pharmaceutical Industry, Essay examples

George Eliots novel Silas Marner Essay Example For Students

George Eliots novel Silas Marner Essay In the following essay, I will be examining the way in which George Eliot has portrayed the theme of money in Silas Marner and its consequent effect on the characters, the relationship between them, and the plot. George Eliot herself described Silas Marner as a story of old fashioned village life and as such, it has long been a favourite amongst her novels. It combines comments on morality and religion in a narrative of life in England during the artisan industry. The story centres around the weaver of Raveloe, Silas Marner whom before experiencing the events that had a major effect on his life was just an honest individual well integrated in the church community in Lantern Yard and eagerly awaiting his wedding day. All of this, however, was to take a dramatic turn for the worse when he was framed by William Dane (who he thought was his best friend) and was said to have stolen money from the dying deacon whom he was supposed to watch. Silas was later falsely accused and consequently found guilty by the lots. His friend who betrays and blames him for the murder steals his love, Nancy Lammeter, whom he was eagerly awaiting to wed, from him. These events are the basis for the motivation of Silas alienation from society, as Eliot describes on page 11 when writing the past becomes dreamy because its symbols have all vanished, and the present too dreamy because it is linked with no memories, and rejects his faith in God and evangelical beliefs. As a means of escape, he takes up weaving, as a reprieve from his inner pain and suffering. The second chapter finds Silas fleeing to Lantern Yard, escaping from the misfortunes experienced. Eliot follows this up when writing In the early ages of the world, we know, it was believed that each territory was inhabited and ruled by its own divinities, so that man could cross the bordering heights and be out of the reach of his native Gods In other words, the trust Silas previously had in faith and in the church had turned to bitterness. No longer was his trust in the Lord present in his disintegrating life. Here he leads a half-life in Raveloe alone in his loom and his gold which becomes his obsessive endeavour before later being replaced by the gold haired Eppie, helping to reawaken Silas to society. As far as the event of Lantern Yard goes William Dane, Silas best friend steals the dying deacons money in order to win the heart of Silas long time love, Sarah Lammeter and consequently land his friend into hot water. This fate is devastating for Silas, disappointed in friendship and love, and therefore opting to depart Lantern Yard and society as a whole. His gold now becomes the object of his work, and nothing but weaving his loom day and night in order to earn more of the gold matters. Eliot admits, money had stood him as the symbol of earthly good, and the immediate object of toil His life had reduced itself to the mere functions of weaving and hoarding, without any contemplation of an end towards which the functions tended. Money, therefore, in this case is a replacement for all that is missing from Silas life and a means of filling the spiritual void left by the abandonment of religion. Money is portrayed as a replacement for human contact and faith in God. The next two chapters see Eliot turning her attention to the Cass family, whom we learn, is a wealthy, prominent family of nobles headed by Squire Cass. The importance of money to Dunstan, who is portrayed as a mischievous, spiteful fellow and second born son of the Cass family, is made evident in Chapter 4. Here he resorts to stealing Silas gold in an attempt to comfort his own brothers (Godfrey) financial troubles. He is forced into committing this robbery after the horse (Wildfire) which his brother Godfrey originally allowed Dunstan to sell in order to solve their financial troubles, dies tragically. While it is Dunstan who uses this to his own advantage by threatening to tell his father of Godfreys secret marriage to Molly Farren, it is his older brother who ends up in the predicament with his father for owing debts in the first place. The proposed plan was for was for Dunstan to sell Wildfire to a friend of the family, which he agreed to after a generous offer. Inside Dunstans mind, on the other hand, he thinks that a greater profit would be assembled should the horse be entered into a dog hunt. Subsequently and tragically, disaster strikes during the hunt with the horse falling into a pit, leading to its untimely death. The result was contrary to expectation and the catastrophe only acknowledges the fate of the moneys adversity and how in the most improbable of circumstances it can cause great distress. Dunstans opportunist state of mind when entering the horse for the race portrays the elements of greed and arrogance convincingly. Neglecting the demand from a trustworthy family member for the horse, Dunstan opted as an alternative to enter Wildfire into a race, identifying the opportunity of making some extra money and thus grabbing the opportunity with both hands. On the other hand, we can look at Dunstans actions sympathetically. He was, after all in a predicament of having to lend a helping hand in paying back his brothers debts. The misfortune of money is further confirmed through Dunstans next little misadventure, not merely for himself, however, but coincidentally for Silas. These subsequent events find Dunstan paying the absent Silas house a visit, at first hoping the lonely weaver will compassionately loan him a sum of his money. However, when later discovering Silas absence he realises that there is nothing there to prevent him from simply stealing the gold, which he does without hesitation. At this stage of the novel, we cannot help but speculate as to the consequent effect the event will have on Silas and how he will go about dealing with it. Money at this point is his only passion and comfort and its absence would be devastating, to say the least. Chapter XIII: Of ceremonies in the enterview of kings   EssayThis is the first time many of the residents have seen Silas out of his shell. The opinion concerning the robbery of the gold is divided amongst the people. Some are sceptical while others offer a helping hand in sympathy. Here we sense a positive side effect to the whole situation by recognising Silas need to communicate with the others in order to get his gold back, after being alienated for so long. Money at this point appears to be the cause of his reintegration to society after earlier being the subject of his alienation. Eliot admits that Silas is being forced to open himself up in order to ask for help when writing This strangely novel situation of opening his trouble to his Raveloe neighbours, of sitting in the warmth of a heart not his own, and feeling in the presence of faces and voices which were his nearest promise of help, had doubtless its influence on Marner, in spite of his passionate preoccupation with his loss Even the villagers in Chapter 10 show a positive attitude and are willing to comfort him by visiting his cottage and bringing gifts. When asked, however, to attend a church service and seek refuge in his faith Silas refuses, already disillusioned with the religion he had formerly trusted in. The same chapter finds Silas in deep mourning over the robbery. He is described as a man more confused and desolate than ever, spending most of his time bent over in a chair, holding his head in his hands. I feel some sympathy for Silas at this stage because his decision to leave the door unlocked only reflected the confidence he had in his judgement over the towns residents in the past 15 years. His unfit state of mind even before the incident was partly responsible for his greed and reasoning love for his gold. He was let down in friendship and the trust once had in his evangelical beliefs had also vanished. The significant quote in this chapter is The loom was there, and the weaving, and the growing pattern in the cloth, but the bright treasure in the hole under his feet was gone, the prospect off handling and counting it was gone: the evening had no phantasm of delight to still the poor souls craving, detailing Silas mourning over the robbery of his gold. It is not however until the unexpected appearance of the gold haired Eppie in chapter 12 that Silas is reawakened to society. The child toddles to Silas house after Molly had fallen into the snow. It appears that fate has compensated Silas in this time of despair with Eppie transforming his reclusive life into one full of love and newfound happiness. His attention has now turned to Eppie, a person to love, and thus helping Silas to understand a mutual connection with something other than his gold. Ironic to note that fate has turned the gold haired Eppie into Silas newfound love and happiness metaphorically replacing his previous ambition of gold. Eliot thus portrays Eppie as a sort of metaphor and writes how fate has blessed Silas with his miracles. The point Eliot is trying to make is that the love for a human being is more fulfilling than the love of money. Ironic also because one member of the Cass family took Silas gold while the other gave Silas his daughter. Eliot portrays very well the concept than man cannot live in a vacuum all his life. Though Silas finds some satisfaction in his tenacious weaving and hoarding of gold, he only discovers true happiness after he dedicates himself to inter-personal relationships. Though his exile from Lantern Yard proves devastating to his self confidence and trust in others and God, fifteen years later when Silas makes a full recovery adopting Eppie to replace his loss of money with love of a daughter. The fact that Lantern Yard has disappeared years later when Silas and Eppie go to visit it suggests that the town no longer dear to Silas. In fact, the removal of the town serves as a metaphor for Silass ability to find happiness outside the past. This makes sense because since the weaver has recovered and Eppie has opened his eyes to the reality of the world again, his soul is no longer separate from his body. On the other side, we have the Cass family, a wealthy upper class group showing that money can buy you no happiness, as the selfish scoundrels of Dunstan and Godfrey do not get their own way. As a wealthy Godfrey (Eppies natural father), a victim of circumstance who disclaimed the child tries to claim her back at the age of 18 she refuses. Eliot strongly emphasises the point here that nurture wins over nature and that Godfrey, with all his money, cannot buy the one thing that would bring him and Nancy happiness, a child to love. For Silas, Eppie is seen as the fulfilment of natural justice. Silas says, God gave her to me because you turned your back on her, and he looks upon her as mine youve no right to her! When a man turns a blessing from his door, it falls to them as take it in, acknowledging that Silas should be the father rather than Godfrey. We learn that money is one of the central themes of the book with Eliot leaving many morals to comprehend concerning its weaving together of the lives of various characters and being one of the main factors of the novel and in truth everyday life to this day.